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Service area population

The total number of residents served from a water supply source and receiving their water through a water distribution network. The service area population of a water supply system includes residents served by satellite communities or water districts that purchase water from the system but operate independent metering and distribution systems.

Set-aside program

A program (not used since the late 1970s) under which farmers are required to set aside a certain percentage of their total planted acreage and devote this land to approved conservation uses (such as grasses, legumes, and small grain which is not allowed to mature) in order to be eligible for nonrecourse loans and deficiency payments. Set-aside acreage was based on the number of acres a farmer actually plants in the program year as opposed to being based on prior crop years. The authority for set-aside was eliminated by the FAIR Act of 1996.

Severe Thunderstorm

A strong thunderstorm with wind gusts in excess of 58 mph (50 knots) and/or hail with a diameter of 3/4" or more. A thunderstorm with winds greater than 39 mph and/or hail greater than " inch is defined as approaching severe.

Sewage treatment (primary)

Mechanical treatment of sewage in which large solids are filtered out by screens and suspended solids settle out as sludge in a sedimentation tank.

Shadow Prices

Unobserved hidden or implicit prices derived through inferences and such methods as Contingent Valuation and Hedonic Pricing. Reflect movements along efficient frontier and tradeoffs between attributes.

Shale oil

Slow-flowing, dark brown, heavy oil obtained when kerogen in oil shale is vaporized at high temperatures and then condensed. Shale oil can be refined to yield gasoline, heating oil, and other petroleum products. See kerogen, oil shale.

Sharecropper

A tenant farmer who receives a share of the crops, livestock, or livestock products from the landowner, who in turn may extend credit to and supervises the tenant. The tenant generally supplies only labor.

Sheet erosion

The removal of a thin, relatively uniform layer of soil from the land surface caused by runoff.

Shelterbelt

A plant barrier of trees, shrubs, or other approved perennial vegetation designed to reduce wind erosion. Also called a windbreak.

Shifting control

See Control

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