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E. coli (Escherichia Coli 0157:H7)

A bacterium that lives harmlessly in the intestines of animals such as cattle, reptiles, and birds. However, in humans the bacterium, which can be transmitted through foods, can cause bloody diarrhea, and also lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a life threatening disease. Although other known strains of E. coli are thought to be harmless to humans, the 0157:H7 strain is particularly virulent and dangerous. It has been implicated in several major outbreaks of food borne illness in recent years. After a 1993 outbreak in the West, caused by the consumption of undercooked hamburgers, resulted in hundreds of illnesses and several deaths, USDA began regularly testing samples of ground beef for the pathogen.

Economic drought

A period of below-average precipitation of sufficient magnitude to have substantial impacts on the local and regional economy.

Economic Growth

A sustained increase in total output or output per person for an economy over a long period of time.

Economic Regulations

The control of entry into the market, pricing, the extension of service by established firms and issues of quality control.

Economic Rents

Payments made to a factor that are in excess of what is required to elicit the supply of that factor.

Economic Specialization

Concentration of activity in a few particular tasks or in producing only a few items.

Economics

The study of choice and decision-making in a world with limited resources.

Economies of Scope

What exists when it is less expensive to produce two products together than it would be to produce each one separately.

Ecosystem

The complex system of plant, animal, fungal, and microorganism communities and their associated non-living environment interacting as an ecological unit. Ecosystems have no fixed boundaries; instead their parameters are set to the scientific, management, or policy question being examined. Depending upon the purpose of analysis, a single lake, a watershed, or an entire region could be considered an ecosystem.

Effective precipitation (rainfall)

1. That part of the precipitation that produces runoff. 2. A weighted average of current and antecedent precipitation that is "effective" in correlating with runoff. 3. That part of the precipitation falling on an irrigated area that is effective in meeting the consumptive use requirements.

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