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Stream-gaging station
A gaging station where a record of discharge of a stream is obtained. Within the Geological Survey this term is used only for those gaging stations where a continuous record of discharge is obtained.
Streamflow
The total discharge of water within a watercourse, including runoff, diversions, wastewater effluents, and other sources.
Streamflow depletion
The amount of water that flows into a valley, or onto a particular land area, minus the water that flows out the valley or off from the particular land area.
Strike
The direction or trend of a bedding plane or fault, as it intersects the horizontal.
Strip mining
Cutting deep trenches to remove minerals such as coal and phosphate found near the earth's surface in flat or rolling terrain. See surface mining.
Strip tillage
Planting and tillage operations that are limited to a strip not to exceed one-third of the distance between rows; the area between is left untilled with a protective cover of crop residue on the surface for erosion control.
Stripcropping
Growing crops in a systematic arrangement of strips or bands, usually parallel to the land’s contour, that serve as barriers to wind and water erosion.
Structural Unemployment
Workers without jobs whose skills are no longer suitable for or do not match the types of jobs available.
Stubble-mulching
Leaving the stubble or crop residue essentially in place on the land as a surface cover during a fallow period. Stubble-mulching can prevent erosion from wind or water and conserve soil moisture.
Subbituminous coal
A dull, black coal of rank intermediate between lignite and bituminous coal. See coal.

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