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Reservoir Yield

The amount of water which can be supplied from a reservoir in a specified interval of time after accounting for losses to evaporation, seepage and leakage. Also called Net Yield. The safe or firm yield is the maximum quantity of water which can be guaranteed during a critical dry period (Linsley and Franzini, 1979).

Residence Time

The average time spent in a reservoir by an individual atom or molecule. With respect to greenhouse gases, residence time usually refers to how long a particular molecule remains in the atmosphere. See lifetime.

Residential sector

An area or portion consisting only of housing units.

Residual fuel oil

The heavier oils that remain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilled away in refinery operations and that conform to ASTM Specifications D396 and D975. Included are No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium viscosity; Navy Special, for use in steam-powered vessels in government service and in shore power plants; and No. 6, which includes Bunker C fuel oil and is used for commercial and industrial heating, electricity generation, and to power ships. Imports of residual fuel oil include imported crude oil burned as fuel. See crude oil, hydrocarbons.

Residual-mass curve

A graph of the cumulative departures from a given reference such as the arithmetic average, generally as ordinate, plotted against time or date, as abscissa. (See Mass curve.)

Resistance, pesticide

The evolutionary capacity of pests exposed to a pesticide to develop resistance to that pesticide. Some genetically engineered crops now being marketed are accompanied by pest resistance management plans to prevent or substantially retard the development of resistance.

Resource Conservation and Development Program (RC&D)

The RC&D program, initiated in 1962 under authority of Food and Agriculture Act of 1962 (P.L. 87-703), assists multi-county areas in enhancing conservation, water quality, wildlife habitat, recreation and rural development. Work in each area is coordinated by a council. At present, 269 areas have been approved; they cover 60% of the private land in the country.

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

U.S. federal law originally enacted by Congress in 1976 to prevent the creation of toxic waste dumps by setting standards for the management of hazardous waste.

Respiration

The process by which animals use up stored foods (by combustion with oxygen) to produce energy.

Restricted-use pesticides

A pesticide may be classified for restricted use if it requires special handling because of its toxicity. These may be applied only by trained, certified applicators or those under their direct supervision.

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