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Minimum Wage

A wage below which employers may not legally pay employees for specific kinds of employment.

Mining water use

Water use for the extraction of minerals occurring naturally including solids, such as coal and ores; liquids, such as crude petroleum; and gases, such as natural gas. Also includes uses associated with quarrying, well operations, milling (crushing, screening, washing, flotation, and so forth), and other preparations customarily done at the mine site or as part of a mining activity.

Minor crops

Crops that may be high in value but that are not widely grown. Many fruits, vegetables, and tree nuts come under this definition. The IR-4 program is one publicly funded program to help producers of minor crops with their unique problems.

Mitigation bank, wetlands

A bank is created when wetlands at a site are restored, enhanced or created in advance of destruction of similar wetlands in nearby locations. The bank then sells "credits" in the bank to permit applicants under Section 404 who are required, as a permit condition, to offset the negative impacts their project will have on wetlands. Banks may be established by public entities or private enterprise. The FAIR Act of 1996 has a provision allowing USDA to establish a pilot banking program.

Moisture

Water diffused in the atmosphere or the ground.

Moisture equivalent

The ratio of (a) the weight of water which the soil, after saturation, will retain against a centrifugal force 1,000 times the force of gravity, to (b) the weight of the soil when dry. The ratio is stated as a percentage.

Molecule

Chemical combination of two or more atoms of the same chemical element (such as O2) or different chemical elements (such as H2O).

Monoculture

A pattern of crop or tree production that relies on a single plant variety.

Monopolistic Competition

A market with a large number of firms selling similar but differentiated products with no significant barriers to entry.

Monopoly

A market with only one supplier.

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