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Invasive species

Alien (non-native) species of plants, animals, and pests whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. Executive Order 13112, issued February 8, 1999, seeks to prevent the introduction and minimize the impacts of invasive species through better federal agency coordination under a National Invasive Species Management Plan to be developed by an interagency Invasive Species Council. Examples of invasive species receiving recent attention include the Asian long-horned beetle, Africanized honeybees, zebra mussels, and the Formosan termite.

Inventory

A stock of goods or resources held by a buyer or seller in order to reduce the cost of exchange or production.

Inversion

An increase in temperature with height. The reverse of the normal cooling with height in the atmosphere.

Investment Expenditures

Dollar expenditures by firms on capital goods (factories, office buildings and others structures, machinery and equipment, inventories and residential housing) used to produce other new goods and services.

Involuntary Unemployment

Potential workers able and willing to work at the existing market wage rate, are unable to find jobs.

Irradiation

The process of exposing food or other items to radiation of various wavelengths in order to destroy contamination from undesirable organisms, achieve insect disinfestation or delay maturation. It is approved for most produce and some meat products. Recently the Food and Drug Administration approved its use and USDA proposed rules for its use in red meat products. While it has been used for produce and chicken in the Southeast, its expanded use is dependent on the construction of facilities on a wide-spread basis. There are various types of irradiation treatments (gamma, x-ray and ultraviolet) with various characteristics and limitations to consider in building irradiation facilities.

Irreversibilities

Changes that, once set in motion, cannot be reversed, at least on human time scales.

Irreversibility

If an asset is not preserved it is likely to be eliminated with little or no chance of regeneration.

Irrigated area

The gross farm area upon which water is artificially applied for the production of crops, with no reduction for access roads, canals, or farm buildings.

Irrigation

The controlled application of water to arable lands to supply water requirements not satisfied by rainfall.

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